Xanax 1 mg
Xanax 1 mg
Generic name: Alprazolam
Imprint Xanax 1 mg
Strength 1 mg
Drug class Benzodiazepines
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Benzodiazepines are a group of medicines that are useful for treating panic disorder, anxiety associated with depression, and insomnia (sleep aid). Their use is restricted as they are highly addictive if they are long-term used, so they are limited to short-term use.
Benzodiazepines should not be combined with alcohol or drugs that affect the central nervous system.
Xanax 1 mg
Uses: Xanax 1 mg is used to relieve anxiety, stress, it relaxes muscles and aids sleep.
Alprazolam is also prescribed for patients suffering from Agoraphobia (fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult).
It acts by enhancing the effects of natural chemical substances in the central nervous system.
How to use Xanax 1 mg?
- Before taking Xanax read carefully the medication guide provided by the pharmacist.
- Take Xanax 1mg oral (by mouth) as directed by your doctor.
Dosage:
- The dose of Xanax 1 mg depends on many factors such as the medical condition, age, weight, and body response to the treatment.
- The dosage may be increased gradually according to the doctor’s instructions to increase the drug efficacy or it may be reduced gradually to avoid the risk of side effects.
- If you have a substance use disorder (overuse or addiction to certain drugs or alcohol), the risk of Xanax addiction may be higher. Hence, it should be taken exactly as prescribed by the doctor.
- The recommended starting dose for patients with anxiety or panic disorders is 0.25 mg to 0.5 mg three times daily. The maximum dose daily is 4 mg per day.
- For patients with panic disorders to achieve successful treatment response the mean dose may be elevated to approximately 5 to 6 mg per day, it may reach 10 mg per day. However, periodic reassessment and consideration of dose reduction are recommended.
Side effects:
Common side effects of Xanax are
- Ataxia (lack of muscle control or voluntary movements abnormality)
- Cognitive dysfunction
- Constipation
- Drowsiness
- Fatigue
- Memory impairment
- Skin rash
- Weight gain
- Weight loss
- Anxiety
- Blurred vision
- Diarrhea
- Insomnia
- Increased appetite
- Decreased libido
Other side effects like:
- Hypotension
- Increased libido
- Sexual disorder
- Muscle twitching
Xanax may cause unwanted severe side effects that may require immediate medical attention such as:
- Unusual Drowsiness
- Unusual Tiredness
- Irritability
- Difficulty in concentration
- Difficulty in performing routine tasks
- Trouble sleeping
- Trouble speaking
- Lack of appetite
- Sadness or loss of interest
- Relaxed and calm
- Unsteady walk or shakiness
- Unsteadiness trembling or difficulty in muscle control
- General weakness
- Discouragement
- Clumsiness
- Being forgetful
less common
- Abdominal pain
- Body aches
- Blurred vision
- Burning, itching, numbness, or tingling feelings
- Chills
- Behavior changes
- Cough
- Dark urine
- Clay-colored stool
- Decrease in urine volume
- Decrease in frequency of urination
- Diarrhea
- Difficulty of breathing
- Trouble in concentration
- Dizziness or faintness
- Dry mouth
- Difficulty with moving
- Ear congestion
- Fear or nervousness
- Fever
- Headache
- Irregular heartbeats
- Itching or rash
- Joint pain
- Loss of memory
- Loss of bladder control
- Loss of self-control
- Loss of voice
- Muscle weakness
- Cramping or muscle ache
- Mood changes
- Nausea
- Nasal congestion
- Painful urination
- Restlessness
- Sneezing
- Shaking
- Sweating
- Chest tightness
- Balance impairment
- Swollen joints
- Sore throat
- Deep sleep
- Long duration of sleep
- Yellow eyes or skin
Precautions
- If you experience any allergic reactions to Xanax or other benzodiazepines (lorazepam or diazepam), call your health care provider at once.
- Tell your doctor about your medical history before starting Xanax especially severe lung or breath problems such as sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases, substance use disorder, or glaucoma.
- Avoid alcoholic beverages or marijuana.
- Do not drive your car, use machines, or do efforts that require alertness while taking Xanax. Alcohol and marijuana make you feel dizzier and drowsier.
- Before undergoing surgery Tell your doctor about your medical history and drugs you take including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, or herbal products.
- Do not prescribe this medication to others.
- Blood tests should be performed regularly to monitor the treatment progress and check the side effects.
During pregnancy or breastfeeding:
Like other benzodiazepines, a high risk of congenital malformations during pregnancy may occur, it may be very harmful to the fetus.
This drug is only prescribed during pregnancy if there are no other alternatives for it, and the benefits outweigh the risks. Though, you should avoid particularly the first trimester.
During lactation, Xanax 1 mg is excreted into the breast milk, hence chronic administration of Xanax to nursing mothers may cause the infant to lose weight or become lethargic.
Missed Dose
Take the missed dose once you remember. However, avoid taking the two doses at the same time
Overdose
Seek medical attention right away if you experience one of the following overdose symptoms:
Severe drowsiness, slow breathing, reduced reflexes, or loss of consciousness.
Storage
Store Xanax at room temperature.
Avoid moisture and light. Keep Xanax out of reach of children.
Lyrica V Gabapentin
Lyrica V Gabapentin
Lyrica V gabapentin belongs to the same group of drugs called gabapentinoids.
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They are both drugs used for treating neuropathic pain, and both of them have separated other uses.
Neuropathic pain happens as a result of damage occurring to the nervous system that causes the nerves to send incorrect messages causing different types of pain.
People describe the pain by the following words:
- tight
- shooting
- electric
- tingling
- burning
- piercing
- freezing
- stabbing
Lyrica V Gabapentin is also an antiepileptic drug used in controlling partial seizures in combination with other drugs.
Lyrica can also be used in:
- Fibromyalgia
- Off-label uses like generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, insomnia (type of sleeping problems), and chronic pain conditions.
Gabapentin can also be used in:
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord)
- Off-label uses like restless leg syndrome, cocaine withdrawal, Insomnia, diabetic neuropathy, tremors in multiple sclerosis, and cancer-related hot flashes
How do they both work?
Lyrica V Gabapentin work by affecting the messages responsible for pain, reducing their effect on the nerve, and reducing pain.
How should I take them?
Lyrica V Gabapentin is available in oral forms only.
Capsules, extended-release tablets, and oral solutions
If you are taking the extended-release tablets, take them without chewing, crushing, or breaking
You should also take it at the same time every day to keep a constant level of the drug in the blood.
If you are taking the oral solution, you have to take it with a measuring syringe or special measuring device, don’t take it with household spoons, or else the dose will not be accurate
Lyrica V Gabapentin is usually taken two or three times daily
The doctor usually describes the lowest dose first, then increases it when needed till reaches the lowest effective dose.
Food doesn’t affect the absorption and bioavailability of the drugs.
If you missed a dose, take it as soon as you remember, if it is the time for the next dose, don’t double the dose, or else you may suffer from overdose symptoms.
If you overdosed on any of the two drugs, you should seek medical attention immediately.
Side effects:
There are common side effects between Lyrica and gabapentin
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Tiredness
- Mood changes
- Edema in the limbs (swelling of them)
But as Lyrica is being absorbed more quickly, it causes fewer side effects.
Different side effects are:
| Lyrica | Gabapentin |
| Dry mouth
Constipation Breast enlargement Weight gain especially if you have diabetes |
Speaking difficulties
Fever Increased chance to get infected with viral infections Uncontrolled eye movements Fast uncontrollable movements (jerky movements) |
zopiclone tablets
Absorption:
Lyrica is absorbed more rapidly than gabapentin.
The peak concentration of Lyrica happens within 1 hour, while that of Gabapentin happens within 3-4 hours.
Potency:
Lyrica is a more potent antiepileptic drug resulting in the reduction of the frequency of seizures.
It is also more effective in controlling neuropathic pain caused by any of the mentioned conditions.
Both Lyrica V Gabapentin should not be stopped suddenly, the dose should be decreased gradually or else they may cause serious withdrawal symptoms.
Withdrawal symptoms of Gabapentin:
- Drowsiness
- Inability to control muscle movements
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Dizziness
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Sweating
Withdrawal symptoms of Lyrica:
- Headache
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Sleeping problems
- Sweating
- Anxiety
If you experience any of the above symptoms, you should consult with your doctor as soon as possible.
Lyrica V Gabapentin has similar interactions except that Gabapentin interacts also with NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac.
Lyrica serious drug-drug interactions,
these drugs should not be used with Lyrica and you have to use an alternative drug.
- benazepril
- captopril
- enalapril
- everolimus
- fosinopril
- imidapril
- lisinopril
- metoclopramide intranasal
- moexipril
- perindopril
- quinapril
- ramipril
- sirolimus
- temsirolimus
- trandolapril
Gabapentin has similar serious interactions with some drugs.
- metoclopramide intranasal
- valerian
There are other lists for both drugs that need close monitoring when concomitantly used, always inform your physician about the drugs taken before taking either one of them.
Pregnancy and lactation:
Both Lyrica and Gabapentin should not be used in pregnant and breastfeeding women under normal conditions.
For Lyrica, there are not enough studies on pregnant women, so it should only be used if the benefits outweigh the risks and under close monitoring of the physician.
For Gabapentin, animal studies have given evidence of toxicity during the development of the fetus (abnormalities in the skeleton and increased mortality), it also should not be used except if the benefits way outweigh the risks.
Both of them have been detected in the mother’s milk, that’s why you should consult with your midwife about alternative feeding options, or with your doctor about alternative drugs.
Lyrica has been found to overweigh the effectiveness and potency of Gabapentin, fewer and less severe side effects, faster onset of action, and less needed dose.
Make sure to buy the drug of choice from a trusted source, such as pharmastores.
Stopping pregabalin
Stopping pregabalin
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Pregabalin is used for the treatment of social anxiety disorder, as an add-on therapy with partial seizures, generalized anxiety disorder, neuropathic pain, and insomnia. The symptoms of stopping pregabalin are mild to moderate and resolve within one week after the discontinuation of pregabalin.
This topic highlights the importance of cautious monitoring of withdrawal symptoms during the period of tapping, and what are these symptoms?.
Pregabalin results in anxiolytic effects
through binding to a kind of receptors that prevent calcium influx to the cell and reduce the release of excitatory neurotransmitters.
Another predicted mechanism of action is that pregabalin resembles the inhibitory neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Pregabalin has a very high oral bioavailability with almost all the dose absorbed. pregabalin is eliminated by the kidneys with nearly no metabolism. Pregabalin has no significant interactions with other drugs.
The half-life of pregabalin is 5.5-6.7 hours, independent of dose and repeated dose administration. The most common dose-related adverse effects of pregabalin include dizziness, somnolence, and peripheral edema.
The symptoms of stopping pregabalin
have been reported in few case reports. One of them published in 2018 about a 62-year-old white female with a medical history of fibromyalgia, pancreatitis, migraine, general anxiety disorder, rheumatoid arthritis, cervical disc diseases, asthma, and unspecified depressive disorder was admitted to hospital with complaints of chest pain, insomnia, increased fearfulness aches, worsening of anxiety, diffuse body tremors, and extreme weakness of legs, dyspnea, palpitations, and dizziness. These symptoms started after stopping pregabalin by tapping the dose over several weeks.
The common symptoms of stopping pregabalin as reported in these cases are:
- diaphoresis
- tachycardia
- hypertension
- tremors
- diarrhea
- agitation
- paranoia
- auditory hallucinations
- mutism
- self-mutilation
- suicidal attempt
The mechanism of these symptoms
is similar to benzodiazepine and ethanol, where discontinuation increases the production of the enzyme responsible for producing GABA.
DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) has classified Pregabalin as a schedule V drug due to its potential for abuse. Tapping a dose of Pregabalin is associated with an increased risk of delirium and confusion. The tapping should be gradually over one week to decrease the chance of withdrawal symptoms.
A recent study
showed that most people weren’t aware of how pregabalin can be addictive and what are the adverse consequences of its abuse.
In recent years the abuse of pregabalin has been increasing rapidly. The users reported some symptoms associated with it like euphoria and feelings of dissociation when they exceed normal therapeutic dosages.
A study published in Emergency Medicine Journal reports an increase in the number of emergency cases admitted with causes related to Pregabalin abuse. Most cases presented with seizures, some of them required intubation and ventilation before admission to the Icu. There is also evidence that pregabalin interacts with some opiates such as heroin and can lead to death due to overdose.
Complications of withdrawal symptoms:
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance can occur due to prolonged diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and increased sweating. Life-threatening heart problems can also occur with pregabalin withdrawal so if you have rapid heartbeats or palpitation, seek medical intervention.
If pregabalin is used as anti seizures, abrupt discontinuation of it can exacerbate seizures and lead to recurrence seizures which can be an emergency.
Rapid pregabalin stopping can lead to cravings and relapse, which can push the users to overdose.
Depression and suicidal thoughts are common psychological withdrawal symptoms.
Treatment of pregabalin addiction
Stopping pregabalin can be a serious problem for people who become addicted to it.
Addiction treatment criteria are different from person to person.
Treatment includes the following:
- Detox facilities: clinics where the abusers receive a safe detox period under professional medical supervision by a precise detox program.
Medical and Professional Counseling provides support during the whole duration of detox and monitors people for risks or complications.
- Inpatient treatment: patients are admitted to these units for 28 days to 3 months where they attend intensive groups and individuals besides medical and psychiatric treatment. The facility provides a safe and structured environment.
- Outpatient treatment: pregabalin abusers can receive support without the need to admit it, this support includes recovery programs allowing the patient to continue his normal activities and quarantine top-quality treatment in both group and individual therapy sessions.
- Partial hospitalization: This situation gives the patient the advantages of the outpatient program and allows them to continue normal daily activities with more time commitment than outpatient treatment.
Pregabalin V Gabapentin
Pregabalin V Gabapentin
Gbabapentinoids:
Gabapentinoids are considered as a first-line treatment for neuropathic pain, however, Gabapentinoids are used for off-label conditions more than that for on-label use. This leads to increasing the risk of respiratory depression, especially when combined with opioids.
Pregabalin V Gabapentin:
- Uses: Both Pregabalin and gabapentin are antiepileptic drugs to treat nerve pains. In addition, they act as an adjunct treatment for seizures and postherpetic neuralgia.
Furthermore, Pregabalin is used to manage the pain related to fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain associated with diabetes.
Gabapentin may be used to treat nerve pain caused by shingles and for restless legs syndrome (RLS). Also, it has several off-label uses including the management of neuropathic pain, anxiety, insomnia, vertigo, skin itching, menopausal conditions hot flashes, migraine, and bipolar disorder.
- Whilst, Pregabalin has been classified as a controlled substance (have some potential for abuse and psychological dependence), Gabapentin is not. However, it was found that the Gabapentin abuse rate ranged from 40% to 65% in patients with previous drug abuse history or patients with prescription of the drug and about 15% to 22% in patients who abuse opioids.
- Absorption: Both Pregabalin and Gabapentin are similar in structure, however, Pregabalin may have better absorption (quickly and completely absorbed), and easier transport across cell membranes.
Pregabalin absorption
is extended from the small intestine to the proximal colon while Gabapentin absorption is limited to the small intestine.
Pregabalin reaches peak blood concentration within an hour post-dose while Gabapentin reaches peak blood concentration within 3 hours post-dose.
-
Bioavailability
(the amount of drug in the patient’s system): Pregabalin has the advantage that its bioavailability is constant regardless of the dose, while Gabapentin’s bioavailability changes with the increase of the dose as it decreases from 60% to 33% per day.
- Metabolism and Excretion: Mostly done by the kidney, but may cause renal failure in overdoses. Some cases reported drug-induced hepatotoxicity although they are not metabolized by the liver.
- Switch from Pregabalin to Gabapentin or vice versa: Neither Pregabalin can be used as an alternative for Gabapentin nor Gabapentin can be used as an alternative for Pregabalin unless
prescribed by the doctor, although both of them are Gabapentinoids.
-
Side effects:
Both Pregabalin and Gabapentin have common side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, headache, memory or concentration issues, tremors, impaired balance, and vision problems (like blurred vision or double vision).
However, side effects more common with Pregabalin are dry mouth, edema (swelling), constipation, weight gain, or enlarged breast.
Other side effects are more common with Gabapentin like fever, risk of viral infections, difficulty in speaking, abnormal eye movements.
- Addiction: Pregabalin has higher addiction potential liability than Gabapentin due to its faster absorption and onset of action.
- Drug Interactions: both Pregabalin and Gabapentin have similar drug interactions however Gabapentin may also interact with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen.
- Mechanism of action: Both Pregabalin and Gabapentin have the same mechanism of action (they act in the same way) through the central nervous system.
- Misuse: Both Pregabalin and Gabapentin have been reported to enhance sociability feelings, euphoria (too much laugh), relaxation, and also stimulate psychological side effects of other drugs. The abuse potential of Pregabalin is higher than that of Gabapentin. Both Pregabalin and Gabapentin are associated with misuse, abuse, and withdrawal symptoms on stopping or reducing the dose of the drug.
Pregabalin V Gabapentin withdrawal symptoms:
Gabapentin withdrawal symptoms:
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Anxiety
- Insomnia (cannot sleep)
- Impairment of muscle movements
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Sweating
Pregabalin withdrawal symptoms:
- Headaches
- Anxiety
- Sleep issues
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Sweating
Toxicity:
Gabapentin toxicity is more likely in patients with chronic kidney disorders. Patients on dialysis (a process of removal of waste products and excess fluids from the blood in patients with impaired kidney functions) have a higher toxicity risk. Patients on hemodialysis (entire blood circulation outside the body using a certain machine as a dialyzer to filter wastes, fluids, and salts from the blood) might require additional doses after dialysis because this process removes about 50-60% of Pregabalin and about 30% of Gabapentin.
Pregabalin V Gabapentin: Which is best for you?
Pregabalin and Gabapentin are both similar in structure, mechanism of action, and conditions approved to treat. However, according to studies Pregabalin is suggested to have more advantages than Gabapentin especially for certain types of pain.
The decision of drug choice in Gabapentinoids is referred to the health care provider responsible for you, concerning the medical condition, medical history, symptoms, age, lifestyle, other drugs, food type, and physical activities.
That’s why you should never share your prescription with other patients.
Pregabalin half-life
Pregabalin half-life
Pregabalin is an anti-epileptic drug, related to the anticonvulsants family, a very effective drug in controlling partial-onset seizures and in managing the neuropathic pain related to many conditions.
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Neuropathic pain is caused by a diseased or damaged nerve; it causes pain throughout the nerve.
To understand the effectiveness and potency of Pregabalin, we have to study how Pregabalin works, Pregabalin half-life, and Pregabalin elimination.
First, let us get introduced to the detailed uses of Pregabalin:
- Neuropathic pain happens to diabetic patients
- Neuropathic pain happens after a spinal cord injury
- Neuralgia occurs after the infection with herpes zoster virus
- Pregabalin is the first approved drug in treating fibromyalgia (a chronic condition causing pain and tenderness throughout the body)
- It is also used as adjunctive therapy in treating partial-onset seizures even in children 1-month-old and older
How does Pregabalin work?
Pregabalin alters the way something called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) neurotransmitters communicate, they are some kind of neurotransmitters found in the brain, when being altered, it affects the nervous system and cures the medical condition.
They help reduce the pain signals responsible for causing nerve pain and also control the impulses causing seizures reducing them.
Dosage and administration:
Pregabalin is available in the form of capsules, extended-release tablets, and oral solutions having many concentrations available.
The dose is determined based on the medical condition, age, and weight of the patient, and the response to the treatment.
You have to take the drug exactly as prescribed by your physician, to ensure the maximum benefit from it, and the least side effects.
Read the medication guide carefully before taking Pregabalin.
If you have any inquiries or questions, talk to your health care provider first.
The physician prescribes the lowest effective dose and increases it as needed according to the response and control of the medical condition taken for.
You have to take it at the recommended times to ensure a constant level of the drug.
Food doesn’t affect the absorption of Pregabalin, so it can be taken either with or without food.
Inform your doctor about new or worsening symptoms.
What if you missed a dose?
Take it as soon as possible.
If it is the time for the next dose, don’t take it to not suffer from overdose symptoms.
What if you overdosed?
Contact your physician at once if you feel symptoms or not.
Pregabalin is not a drug to be stopped at once, the dose should be decreased gradually, or else you will suffer from withdrawal symptoms.
Withdrawal symptoms:
- Headache
- Anxiety
- Confusion
- Agitation
- Sweating
- Rapid heartbeats
- Seizures
- Difficulties in sleeping
- Mood or behavioral changes
- Depression
- Suicidal thoughts
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
If you suffered from any of the above symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.
What is the Pregabalin half-life?
Half-time is the time taken for any drug to be reduced to half of its strength after taking the last dose.
Pregabalin half-life is about six hours.
Elimination:
Pregabalin gets eliminated quickly through the kidneys; it stays in your body for approximately 33 hours, depending on several factors.
Factors affecting Pregabalin half-time and elimination:
- Kidney functions
- Age
- Body mass
- Hydration (If the body have enough water in it)
- Urinary PH (Measure of the degree of acidity or basicity of the urine)
- The dose of the drug
- Duration of treatment
You have also to inform your physician about your medical history and your habits as they may also affect pregabalin half-life and how long it stays in the body.
How long does Pregabalin stay in urine, blood, and hair?
Pregabalin stays in urine for a few days depending on the dose of the drug.
It stays in the blood for only 2 days after the last dose.
Hair surpasses both of them, as Pregabalin may stay in the hair around 90 days.
Side effects:
Common side effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Concentrating problems
- Weight gain
Serious side effects
- Blurred vision
- Unusual bruising or bleeding
- Unsteadiness
- Confusion
- Muscle pain
- Muscle weakness (especially if you suffer from fever or tiredness)
- Swelling of legs, feet, and hands
- Kidney problems
- Suicidal thoughts or behaviors
- Depression
Get medical help immediately if you suffer from shallow or slow breathing.
Before taking Pregabalin, you have to tell your doctor about:
- Heart problems
- Kidney problems
- Allergic reactions to Pregabalin or other drugs
- Any history of substance use
- Alcoholism
- Breathing problems
Precautions:
- Pregabalin can cause serious allergic reactions, take care of any signs of hives, rash, blisters, or swelling of any parts of the body
- You have your doctor about taking Pregabalin before having surgery or dental procedure
- Elders are more susceptible to suffer from drowsiness, dizziness, unsteadiness, confusion, and slow breathing
If you have any of the mentioned conditions, talk to your doctor about Pregabalin, and if it is suitable for your medical condition.
Discuss the dosage, side effects, and precautions of the drug before taking it.
Take care of the storage conditions and temperature.
Pregabalin Overdose
Pregabalin Overdose
Pregabalin Overdose
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Gabapentinoids, specially Pregabalin, elevate the risks of injuries, suicidal behavior, overdoses, and accidents. These risks are particularly high for teens and young adults.
The increased risk to young people expected to be because they are more likely to have Pregabalin with alcohol or other drugs.
Also, younger people may be more vulnerable to the emotional and psychological side effects which can be part of Pregabalin titration and withdrawal.
Let’s recognize Pregabalin dosage first to understand the importance of the accurate following of the prescribed dosage by the health care provider, to avoid the risks of Pregabalin overdose.
Pregabalin dosage:
Your doctor will determine the dose suitable for your condition. You should follow your doctor’s instructions carefully and use Pregabalin exactly as prescribed otherwise you may experience risks of Pregabalin overdose.
The recommended dose is determined according to the patient’s kidney function and the medical condition treated.
For the oral forms (capsules or Liquid form):
the starting dose recommended is 150 mg per day in divided doses. The doctor will recommend increasing the dose gradually. Depending on the patient’s condition, the maximum dose could reach 300 mg per day, 450 mg per day, or 600 mg per day.
For long-acting capsules:
- The initial dose for neuropathic pain that happens with diabetes is 165 mg per day and could be increased to a maximum of 330 mg dose per day.
- The initial dose for the painful rash that occurs after herpes zoster infection is 165 mg per day and gradually increased to a maximum of 660 mg dose per day.
Pregabalin Overdose:
- Prescriptions for Pregabalin increased obviously in the latest decades as its use expanded for a range of clinical conditions outside epilepsy to treat anxiety, insomnia, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and other psychiatric and mental issues. Also, Pregabalin is used increasingly in the black market.
- Many pharmacovigilance databases have warned for potential abuse liability and overdose fatalities related to Pregabalin.
- Researchers have noticed an increase in overdoses in England as a result of Pregabalin misuse.
- Researchers of public health and epidemiology concluded that the number of overdose deaths involving the combination of Pregabalin and opioids has increased substantially.
- Hence, health care professionals should be aware when prescribing Pregabalin.
- If you exceed the prescribed Pregabalin dose for you by your doctor call the local poison control center immediately or ask for emergency medical attention.
Poison control center:
The majority of medications have side effects that if the patient experienced an overdose of the drug these side effects may be life-threatening.
The poison centers are specialized units that help in the prevention of, diagnosis, and management of poisoning.
Some poisons centers may include toxicology laboratories and clinical treatment units.
Databases are available and saved by poison centers including databases of drug formulations and toxicological databases. These data help reduce the incidence of poisoning.
Pregabalin Addiction:
- When Pregabalin was first licensed to treat other conditions such as neuropathy pain, fibromyalgia, anxiety disorders, and neuralgia It was thought to be less addictive than benzodiazepines and a better alternative to highly addictive opiate-based painkillers. However, over years it became obvious that Pregabalin abuse is more common and can cause dependence and addiction.
- Tolerance and dependence of Pregabalin develop over time and with frequent use. Withdrawal of Pregabalin abuse may lead to seizures or severe psychological reactions.
Withdrawal symptoms are:
- Headache
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Nausea
- diarrhea
- Sweating
The advisory council on the misuse of drugs reported a 350% elevation in the prescribing of Pregabalin in the UK from 2007 to 2012.
Pregabalin Precautions:
Pregabalin may cause suicidal tendencies in a very small number of patients. If you notice any of these symptoms call your health care provider at once:
- Suicidal thoughts
- Depression new or elevated
- Anxiety new or elevated
- Restlessness
- Pain attacks
- Angry, aggressive, or violent behavior
- Insomnia
- Dangerous impulses
- Hyperactivity and too much talking
- Unusual behavior or mood changing
If you have suicidal actions do not stop Pregabalin suddenly you should call your doctor first as it may cause serious problems
Pregabalin may cause other serious side effects like:
Swelling of hands legs and feet: which could be a serious problem for patients with heart diseases.
Dizziness and insomnia: Do not perform dangerous activities work with hard machines or drive a car.
Changes in eyesight: Like blurred vision, call your doctor for advice.
Muscle pain weakness or soreness: If you have a fever or feel sick, call your doctor right away.
Euphoria (feeling extreme happiness laugh or joy).
Weight gain: It can be a serious problem for diabetic patients or patients with heart diseases.
– Do not take Pregabalin if you notice any allergic reactions.
– Do not drink alcohol while using Pregabalin.
Difference between gabapentin and pregabalin
Difference between gabapentin and pregabalin
A lot of people get confused about the difference between gabapentin and pregabalin and always ask about how to differentiate between them. We will discuss this in more detail here.
| Thumbnail | Name | Categories | Date | Price | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lyrica pregabalin 150mg generic | Pain relief | 2020-07-01 06:22 | £25.00 – £133.00 | Add to cart This product has multiple variants. The options may be chosen on the product page £25.00 £93.00 £133.00 |
Pregabalin and gabapentin are two drugs from the same family, they are antiepileptic medications, and both are used for treating neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury, herpes zoster. There are similar in several side effects like Drowsiness, Dizziness, Vision problems, Tremors, Loss of balance or coordination, but gabapentin can cause more side effects other than those with pregabalin like:
- Difficulty speaking
- Jerky movements
- Viral infections
- unusual eye movements
- Fever
pregabalin can cause side effects that gabapentin cannot do it like:
- Constipation
- Swelling (edema)
- Dry mouth
- Weight gain
- Breast enlargement
Both drugs can interact with the same drugs that cause CNS (central nervous system) sedation including opioids and alcohol. Gabapentin may also interact with other drugs used for pain like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
How do they work?
There is no difference between gabapentin and pregabalin in the mechanism of action of both drugs, they are similar in structure to the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric GABA, they are binding to GABA receptors and starting a cascade of reactions that result in anticonvulsant and analgesic effects.
What are the differences in the indications of pregabalin and gabapentin?
Pregabalin is used for:
- Treating fibromyalgia
- Neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy or herpes
- Spinal cord injury
- treating partial-onset seizures in adults as adjunctive therapy
Gabapentin can be used for different indications other than pregabalin; there are many non-FDA-approved uses for gabapentin. These include:
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Cocaine withdrawal
- Hiccups
- Restless leg syndrome
- Hyperhidrosis
- Headaches
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Hot flashes
- Fibromyalgia
What are the side effects of pregabalin and gabapentin?
All the antiepileptics include pregabalin and gabapentin increase the risk of suicidal thinking so doctors always weigh the benefits against this risk.
The most noticed side effect associate with pregabalin:
- double vision (diplopia)
- drowsiness
- dizziness
- dry mouth (xerostomia)
- edema (accumulation of fluid)
- fatigue (tiredness)
- blurred vision
- difficulty concentrating
- weight gain
- abnormal gait (ataxia)
- tremor
Other uncommon side effects include:
- heart failure
- constipation
- increased appetite
- nausea
- reduced blood platelet counts
- increased blood creatinine kinase levels.
- amnesia
- flatulence
- disorientation
- Myoclonus (involuntary movement).
- low blood pressure
- vomiting
Rhabdomyolysis
which is defined as severe muscle injury reported with the use of pregabalin and Increased creatinine kinase in the blood is considered a remarkable sign for it.
The most common side effects of gabapentin are similar to that of pregabalin, other adverse effects and serious side effects related to gabapentin only are:
- Weight gain
- Joint pain
- Motion sickness
- Blurred vision
- Viral infection
Withdrawal symptoms of pregabalin and gabapentin
Both of them are not opioid narcotic but they have not controlled substances but abrupt discontinuation of them results in withdrawal symptoms which are slightly different from each other
Withdrawal symptoms associated with pregabalin:
- Headaches
- Anxiety
- Agitation
- Sweating
- Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
- Seizures
- Difficulty falling or staying asleep
- Behavioral changes
- Mood changes
- Depression
- Suicidal thoughts or behavior.
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
Withdrawal symptoms associated with gabapentin:
- Sweating
- Goosebumps (piloerection)
- Muscle pain
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
The dosage of gabapentin and pregabalin
Pregabalin is usually available in dosage forms of 50, 150, 300 mg tablets or oral solution. Usually, the dose started with 50 mg twice or three times daily and increased to reach a maximum dose of 300mg to 600mg daily according to indication. It Is recommended to take an extended dosage form after the evening meal.
Gabapentin is available in 300mg, 400mg, 600mg, 800mg tablets, and may be taken with or without food. The dosage usually ranges from 300 three times daily to 600mg three times daily according to the indication.
Drug interactions of gabapentin and pregabalin
Pregabalin interacts with drugs that cause CNS depression-like opioids and alcohol. Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone also react with pregabalin causing weight gain, fluid retention, and possibly heart failure. Therefore, combining pregabalin with these drugs may increase the occurrence of weight gain and fluid retention.
One of the most significant drug interactions with gabapentin is that antacids can reduce gabapentin concentration in blood so they must be separated by at least 2 hours. Morphine is also increasing blood concentrations of gabapentin and therefore increases the depressant effect of gabapentin.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Pregabalin crosses the placenta and No available data till now support pregabalin use in pregnancy, and also presented in breast milk, it is not recommended to be used with breastfeeding unless the benefits outweigh the risks.
Gabapentin is categorized as C for use in pregnancy (no evidence of risk of the fetus has not been detected), and it is recommended to use folic acid before pregnancy in women who use gabapentin.
Gabapentin is presented in breast milk by a significant amount, so it is recommended to avoid use unless the benefits outweigh the risks for the fetus.
We hope that this topic helped you to understand the difference between gabapentin and pregabalin.
The difference between gabapentin and pregabalin is clear now, correct?
Pregabalin neuropathic pain
Pregabalin neuropathic pain
Neuropathic pain is a burning or severe pain that appears suddenly, it can go on its own, or can last and turn into chronic pain.
It happens as a result of a damaged or diseased nerves, this condition happens mainly due to disease, injury, infection, or loss of a limb.
The most common causes for neuropathic are:
- Alcohol addiction
- Amputation (Removing a limb as a result of severe infection, gangrene, trauma, or deformation leading to limited function and movement)
- Chemotherapy
- Diabetes
- Problems in the facial nerve
- AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
- Multiple myeloma (Type of cancer)
- Multiple sclerosis (Disease in the brain and spinal cord causing deterioration of movement)
- Spinal cord injury
- Shingles (Herpes zoster virus)
- Syphilis
- Thyroid problems
Pregabalin neuropathic pain can be a very good, effective, and potent drug for managing neuropathic pain in several conditions.
Conditions managed by Pregabalin neuropathic pain:
- Neuropathic pain caused by diabetes
- Postherpetic neuralgia (Stabbing or burning pain caused by damaged or irritated nerve)
- Fibromyalgia (Muscles pain accompanied by fatigue, problems in sleep, memory, and mood)
Pregabalin neuropathic pain is the first drug approved by the FDA (Food and drug administration) in the management of fibromyalgia.
- Neuropathic pain happens after a spinal cord injury
Pregabalin is also used in other conditions as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures.
Off-label uses include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, insomnia (sleeping problem), and chronic pain conditions.
The way Pregabalin neuropathic pain works:
It calms down the overactive or damaged nerves in the body causing pain or causing seizures.
Pregabalin neuropathic pain is available in many oral dosage forms.
Capsules, extended-release tablets, and oral solutions.
Neuropathic pain caused by diabetes:
Capsules:
- Starting with 50 mg orally every 8 hours per day
- The dose may be increased to 100 mg orally every 8 hours if needed
- The maximum dose is 300 mg per day
- Starting with 165 mg orally per day
- The dose may be increased to 330 mg orally per day if needed
- The maximum dose is 330 mg orally per day
Extended-release tablets are swallowed as a whole, without crushing, or breaking, or chewing.
Postherpetic neuralgia:
Capsules:
- Starting with 150-300 mg orally per day every 8-12 hours
- The dose may be increased to 300 mg every 8-12 hours if needed
Extended-release tablets:
- Starting with 165 mg orally per day
- The dose may be increased to 330 mg orally per day if needed
- The maximum dose is 330 mg orally per day
Fibromyalgia:
- Capsules and oral solutions only
- Starting with 75 mg orally every 12 hours
- The dose may be increased to 150 mg every 12 hours if needed
- The maximum dose is 450 mg orally per day
Neuropathic pain happens after a spinal cord injury:
- Capsules and oral solutions only
- Starting with 75 mg orally every 12 hours
- The dose may be increased to 150 mg every 12 hours if needed
Always take care of dose modifications if you are suffering from another underlying medical condition especially with Pregabalin neuropathic pain if this condition is any kind of renal impairment.
Pregabalin is not used in pediatrics except in partial-onset seizures.
Before taking Pregabalin neuropathic pain, you should inform your physician if have ever had:
- allergy to Pregabalin neuropathic pain, or any other allergies
- any kind of abuse, either to alcohol or to drugs
- swelling of the eyes, face, lips, tongue, or throat
- vision problems
- heart failure
- bleeding problems
- a low number of platelets (type of blood cells responsible for clotting)
- Lung, heart, or kidney diseases
- a surgery, or dental procedure
- mental problems, mood problems, and suicidal thoughts or acts
Drug-drug interactions:
Pregabalin neuropathic pain can cause serious side effects if combined with other drugs.
- benazepril
- captopril
- enalapril
- everolimus
- fosinopril
- imidapril
- lisinopril
- metoclopramide intranasal
- moexipril
- perindopril
- quinapril
- ramipril
- sirolimus
- temsirolimus
- trandolapril
If you are taking any of the above drugs, you should not take Pregabalin neuropathic pain, and you should use an alternative drug.
There is also a list of drugs that needs monitor closing when used in combination with Pregabalin, make sure to inform your physician about the drugs you are taking.
Side effects:
Pregabalin neuropathic pain can cause many side effects.
Common side effects:
- Dizziness
- Sleepiness
- Concentrating troubles
- Blurred vision
- Dry mouth
- Weight gain
- Swelling of limbs
These effects may go away from their own or may persist if the side effects don’t fade, inform your physician about them.
Serious side effects:
- Severe allergic reactions may be life-threatening causing swelling of some parts of the body, trouble breathing, or hives.
- Suicidal thoughts or acts
- Heart problems
- Severe dizziness
- Serious breathing problems
Always confirm with your physician the information mentioned in any article.
Lyrica UK
Lyrica UK
Lyrica is the drug generically known as Pregabalin; mainly belongs to an anti-epileptic group of drugs.
| Thumbnail | Name | Categories | Date | Price | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lyrica pregabalin 150mg generic | Pain relief | 2020-07-01 06:22 | £25.00 – £133.00 | Add to cart This product has multiple variants. The options may be chosen on the product page £25.00 £93.00 £133.00 |
Lyrica is approved by the Food and Drug Administration to be used for the following medical conditions:
- Nerve pain caused by diabetes due to damage of the nerve
- Nerve pain due to shingles (Herpes-zoster) virus
- Nerve pain due to spinal cord injury
- Fibromyalgia (a condition that causes pain and weakness of the muscles)
- Partial onset seizures, Lyrica UK is used as adjunctive therapy in both adults and children older than 1-month-old
- Lyrica UK is also used in off-label uses like chronic pain conditions, generalized anxiety disorder, restless leg syndrome (To have continuous urge to move your legs especially at night, hot flashes, and social anxiety disorder
- There are also new studies that Lyrica UK can be used in association with antidepressants in depression conditions associated with signs of anxiety
Lyrica UK belongs to an anti-epileptic group of drugs, it works by decreasing the impulses in the brain responsible for seizures.
For pain management, it works by controlling the signals of pain in the brain to decrease the pain in the nerves.
What are controlled substances?
After the Shipman Inquiry’s fourth report in 2004, the government responded by introducing regulations in 2007 for some drugs which were called the controlled drugs, the supervision includes management and use.
The NHS (National Health services) should enforce the management and use of the controlled substances to prevent the harm of the patient, misuse, and criminality.
In April 2019, the government announced the reclassification of Pregabalin into class C controlled substances and put them under schedule 3 of the Misuse of drugs regulations 2001.
So, to manage the use of Lyrica UK and to avoid the misuse and wrong use of it, we should understand how to use it correctly.
Dosage and administration:
Lyrica UK should be taken exactly as the doctor prescribed.
Read the medication guide carefully before taking the drug, and if you have any questions, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
It should be taken at the same time every day to ensure constant concentration in the blood.
Extended-release tablets are taken as a whole without crushing, chewing, or breaking.
It is taken with food or without.
When using the oral solution, use a dosing syringe or any other special measuring dose device; don’t use household spoons to make sure the dose is right.
The dose may be altered according to the response to medication and the improvement or worsening of the symptoms.
When trying to stop Lyrica UK, you have to decrease the dose gradually and not stopping it at once, or else you will suffer from annoying withdrawal symptoms which are:
-
Headache
-
Mood disorders
-
Agitation
-
Depression
-
Anxiety
-
Confusion
-
Suicidal thoughts or acts
-
Nausea
-
Sweating
-
Diarrhea
-
Increased heart rate
-
Insomnia (sleeping disorder)
-
Seizures
-
Craving for the drug
If you suffered from any of these symptoms, you have to seek emergent medical care.
Lyrica UK way of working and how it acts to cause the following side effects:
- Any medication can cause a severe allergic reaction, if you suffered from hives, or swelling of the face or lips, or any other signs of allergy, stop the medication immediately and contact your doctor.
- You have to call your doctor quickly if you notice any or worsening of the following:
- Behavioral changes
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Panic attacks
- Sleeping problems
- Irritation
- Agitation
- Restlessness
- Suicidal thoughts or behaviors
- Also, Lyrica UK can cause serious side effects that need medical attention like:
- Shallow breathing
- Bluish skin, lips, fingers, or toes
- Confusion
- Extreme drowsiness
- Vision problems
- Skin sores (especially if you have diabetes)
- Unusual bleeding
- Unusual weight gain (especially if you have diabetes)
- Unusual muscle pain
- Common Lyrica UK side effects:
- Drowsiness or dizziness
- Swelling of limbs
- Inability to concentrate
- Increased appetite
- Weight gain
- Dry mouth
- Blurred vision
Lyrica UK can also interact with several drugs that can cause serious side effects.
Drug-drug interactions:
- Oral hypoglycemic drugs such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone
- Antihypertensive drugs like ACE inhibitors as benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, moexipril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, or trandolapril.
- Other seizure drugs
Don’t take any new drugs before telling your doctor about taken drugs.
Taking Lyrica UK with opioids, sleeping, cold, allergy, muscle relaxants, Anti-anxiety drugs will cause slow and shallow breathing which may be fatal.
Orlistat (a drug used to reduce weight) also interacts with Lyrica UK.
Not only drugs can cause serious effects, but alcohol also increases dizziness, drowsiness, and concentration difficulties when taken with Lyrica UK.
Lyrica UK is a very good, potent, and effective drug, but also has very serious side effects, don’t take this drug except under the supervision of a doctor.
How does pregabalin work
How does pregabalin work?
Pregabaline is a famous drug to treat neuropathic pain but how does pregabalin work? And what are the other indications of pregabalin?
Pregabalin approved by the FDA for the treatment of fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain and as add-on therapy for partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy
There are other Off-label uses that are not approved by FDA include social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, chronic pain conditions, insomnia, and bipolar disorder.
This article will highlight how does pregabalin work? how to take it? adverse event profile, monitoring parameters, contraindication, and toxicity.
| Thumbnail | Name | Categories | Date | Price | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lyrica pregabalin 150mg generic | Pain relief | 2020-07-01 06:22 | £25.00 – £133.00 | Add to cart This product has multiple variants. The options may be chosen on the product page £25.00 £93.00 £133.00 |
How does pregabalin work?
Pregabalin resembles the structure of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA. It has lipophilic properties to enhance the crossing of it to the blood-brain barrier. However, pregabalin indirectly binds to GABA receptors results in decreasing the influx of calcium into neurons and reduces the release of excitatory neurotransmitters.
This is why pregabalin is used as an anticonvulsant and analgesic.
How to take pregabalin?
Pregabalin is available in capsules or oral solution and administered orally. Following oral administration, pregabalin reaches max concentration in the blood within 1.5 hours and achieves a complete action within 24 to 48 hours.
The absorption of pregabalin from the stomach is independent of the dose. Pregabalin can cross the blood-brain barrier. Humans cannot significantly metabolize pregabalin. It eliminates unchanged by renal excretion. In patients with normal renal function, the elimination takes 6.3 hours.
Dosages up to 600 mg/day did not provide additional benefit and were not well-tolerated due to several side effects.
Don’t stop pregabalin suddenly but taper the dose gradually over 1 week to avoid withdrawal symptoms or exacerbation of seizures.
How much do you need from pregabalin?
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy:
The therapeutic dose is 300 mg/day. The start with 50 mg three times per day. Increase The dose up to 300 mg/day within one week of treatment.
Postherpetic Neuralgia:
The dose is 150 mg to 300 mg per day, and can be taken twice or three times daily. Start with a dose of 75 mg two times per day or 50 mg three times per day.
Increase the dose up to 300 mg per day within one week of treatment. If no optimal pain control within 2 to 4 weeks of treatment with 300 mg per day, increase the dose to 600 mg per day, divided into twice per day or three times per dosing.
Spinal Cord Injury:
The dose ranges from 150 mg to 600 mg per day. start with a dose of 75 mg twice per day. Increase the dose to 150 mg twice per day within one week of treatment.
The dose may be increased up to 300 mg twice per day with suboptimal pain control following 2 to 3 weeks of treatment with 150 mg twice a day. In spinal cord injury, the improvement can be seen within one week after initiating treatment. However, it is recommended to try the medication for 4 to 6 weeks.
Adjunctive Therapy with Partial Onset Seizures:
The dose is 150 mg to 600 mg per day, divided into twice per day or three times per dosing. Start the dose with no greater than 150 mg per day and increase to a maximum of 600 mg per day.
Management of Fibromyalgia:
The therapeutic dose is 300 mg to 450 mg per day. Start with a dose of 150 mg/day divided into twice per day dosing. Increase The dose to 300 mg per day within one week of treatment. If no optimal pain control on 300 mg per day may be further increased to 450 mg per day, divided into twice per day dosing.
Dosing Modifications:
Pregabalin is eliminated by the kidney. Dose adjustment is required in impaired renal function. Patients with hepatic impairment do not require dosing modifications.
Adverse events
Most of the adverse effects related to pregabalin were mild to moderate intensity.
The severity of adverse events is not dose-dependent and occurred within the first two weeks of initiating treatment.
Somnolence and dizziness are the most common adverse events that have been reported with the use of pregabalin, and they are the most frequent cause of treatment discontinuation, and of course, this is related to how does pregabalin works.
In premarketing controlled trials, The most common adverse reactions reported which occurred in greater than or equal to 5% of patients and twice the rate reported by patients receiving placebo were: dizziness, somnolence, blurred vision, dry mouth, difficulty with concentration/attention, edema, and weight gain.
Weight gain occurred in up to 14% of patients receiving 600 mg per day and was dose-dependent.
Withdrawal symptoms can occur after rapid discontinuation of pregabalin including hyperhidrosis, insomnia, nausea, nervousness, irritability, headache, anxiety, and diarrhea.
Contraindications
Pregabalin is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to pregabalin. There are no enough studies on pregnant women. But there are some reported cases that Pregabalin may cause fetal harm, so use caution in case if you are pregnant.
Pregabalin is not recommended in breastfeeding as it can be detected in the milk of lactating women
Monitor patients for symptoms of new or worsening depression, suicidal behavior or ideation, and other changes in behavior or mood, as pregabalin is like the other antiepileptic drugs can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior.
